Book contents
- How to Read an EEG
- Reviews
- How to Read an EEG
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figure Contributions
- Foreword to the First Edition
- Preface
- How to Read This Book
- Part I Basics
- Part II Interpretation
- Chapter 7 Approach to EEG Reading
- Chapter 8 Describing Abnormalities
- Chapter 9 Artifacts
- Chapter 10 Normal Variants
- Chapter 11 Sporadic Abnormalities
- Chapter 12 Repetitive Abnormalities
- Chapter 13 Ictal Patterns (Electrographic Seizures)
- Chapter 14 Activation Procedures
- Part III Specific Conditions
- Appendix: How to Write a Report
- Index
- References
Chapter 14 - Activation Procedures
from Part II - Interpretation
Published online by Cambridge University Press: aN Invalid Date NaN
Book contents
- How to Read an EEG
- Reviews
- How to Read an EEG
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figure Contributions
- Foreword to the First Edition
- Preface
- How to Read This Book
- Part I Basics
- Part II Interpretation
- Chapter 7 Approach to EEG Reading
- Chapter 8 Describing Abnormalities
- Chapter 9 Artifacts
- Chapter 10 Normal Variants
- Chapter 11 Sporadic Abnormalities
- Chapter 12 Repetitive Abnormalities
- Chapter 13 Ictal Patterns (Electrographic Seizures)
- Chapter 14 Activation Procedures
- Part III Specific Conditions
- Appendix: How to Write a Report
- Index
- References
Summary
This chapter describes commonly used activation procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation. Activation procedures are used to elicit epileptic activity. Hyperventilation is contraindicated in cerebrovascular disease. The normal hyperventilation response consists of a high amplitude, frontally dominant, generalized slowing (often called build up). This is age dependent and may be absent is older individuals. Hyperventilation provokes absence seizures in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). Prolonged build up may be seen in moyamoya disease. Photic stimulation normally results in symmetric, occipital dominant, repetitive sharps at the flash frequency or a slower harmonic (called driving). Photo-paroxysmal response consists of induction of epileptic discharges with photic stimulation, and photo-convulsive response results from a seizure elicited during photic stimulation. These responses may be seen in photosensitive epilepsies including juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). [124 words/834 characters]
Keywords
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- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- How to Read an EEG , pp. 208 - 222Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2025
References
Kane, N, Grocott, L, Kandler, R, Lawrence, S, Pang, C. Hyperventilation during electroencephalography: safety and efficacy. Seizure. 2014 Feb 1;23(2):129–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sunder, TR, Erwin, CW, Dubois, PJ. Hyperventilation induced abnormalities in the electroencephalogram of children with moyamoya disease. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 1980 Aug 1;49(3–4):414–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, D, Rubboli, G, Hirsch, E, et al. Methodology of photic stimulation revisited: updated European algorithm for visual stimulation in the EEG laboratory. Epilepsia. 2012 Jan;53(1):16–24.10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03319.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elleder, M, Franc, J, Kraus, J, et al. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in the Czech Republic: analysis of 57 cases. Report of the “Prague NCL group.” European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 1997 Jan 1;1(4):109–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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