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Accepted manuscript

Impact of standardised versus non-standardised pre-test guidelines on surface anthropometric assessment in trained females

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2026

Niamh Bradley O’Connor*
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Sport Sciences, South East Technological University Carlow, Ireland.
SarahJane Cullen
Affiliation:
School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
Paula Fitzpatrick
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Sport Sciences, South East Technological University Carlow, Ireland.
*
Corresponding author: Niamh Bradley O’Connor, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, South East Technological University Carlow, Ireland, R93 V960. Email: C00204654@setu.ie Tel: (0)+353 87 966 8503.
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Abstract

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Surface anthropometric (SA) measures are commonly used to assess body composition (BC) in trained individuals. Standardised pre-test guidelines (morning, fasted) present logistical concerns. The impact of daily activities on skinfold (SKF) assessment has been established in males, however there is a lack of research examining females. The aim of this study was to assess the within-day agreement between standardised and non-standardised SA measures in trained females. Measures including body mass (BM), 8 SKFs and 6 circumferences were collected by an International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) level 1 anthropometrist on 40 trained females (20 naturally menstruating and 20 using a contraceptive) under standardised conditions (morning, fasted, rested and hydrated) and non-standardised conditions (9-10 hours later after free-living) on the same day. Menstrual or contraceptive pill phase was not controlled for. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and typical error (TE) were calculated to assess reliability. Overall group means were compared to assess if significant change occurred. Sum of 8 SKF sites (∑8 SKF) displayed excellent reliability, and no significant difference was noted between conditions. Greater levels of disagreement were represented by those with ∑8 SKF > 136mm. Significant differences in group means were recorded for BM and waist circumference. All other 5 circumference sites remained unchanged throughout the day. Findings suggest, if accuracy is required, BM and waist circumference should be collected in a standardised state. SKFs and all 5 other circumferences can be collected in trained females at any time of day without considering pre-test standard guidelines.

Information

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society