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Weed-Suppressing Potential of Dodder (Cuscuta hygrophilae) and its Phytotoxic Constituents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Tran Dang Khanh ,
Luong Chi Cong ,
Tran Dang Xuan ,
Sun Joo Lee ,
Dong Soo Kong  and
Ill Min Chung
Tran Dang Khanh
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
Luong Chi Cong
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
Tran Dang Xuan
Affiliation:
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
Sun Joo Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
Dong Soo Kong
Affiliation:
Han River Environmental Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gyeonggi 476-823
Ill Min Chung*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: imcim@konkuk.ac.kr
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Abstract

Dodder is a parasitic weed that is troublesome to the growth of many plants. Our study shows that this invasive species contains strong allelopathic potential, exerting strong inhibition against the growth of indicator plants and noxious paddy weeds in bioassay and pot trials. In a greenhouse, incorporation of 0.5 t ha−1 of dried dodder plants to paddy soil reduced spontaneous growth of paddy weeds by about 50%, whereas the 1.5 to 2 t ha−1 dose suppressed biomass of paddy weeds by more than 75% and completely controlled emergence of barnyardgrass and monochoria. By the use of a separation resin, 22 compounds were separated from dodder and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry as belonging to terpenes, long-chain fatty acids, phenols, phenolic acids, and lactone. Among these compounds, 15 substances were quantified and tested for their herbicidal activity. Quantity of cinnamic acid was the highest (37.3 mg g−1), followed by dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain (DDK; 6.0 mg g−1), myristic acid (3.2 mg g−1), and methyl cinnamate (2.1 mg g−1), whereas the amounts of other compounds were between 0.01 and 0.1 mg g−1. It is suggested that the content of the terpenes within dodder, which was rather high in amount (0.41–2.1 mg g−1), correlated to its strength of chemical cues to find host plants. Cinnamic acid, DDK, methyl cinnamate, and vanillin exerted the most potent herbicidal activities against radish growth. Findings of this study propose that cinnamic acid, DDK, and methyl cinnamate are responsible for its strong phytotoxic action of dodder plants. However, whether these plant growth inhibitors and other compounds detected from the dodder can suppress emergence of their hosts as well as contributing to its strong invasiveness needs further elucidation.

Keywords

Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola OHWIdodder, Cuscuta hygrophilae H. Pearsonmonochoria, Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl var. plantaginea Solmsradish, Raphanus sativus L.Allelopathic potentialallelochemicalpaddy weedweed-suppressing abilityinvasiveness

Information

Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 119 - 127
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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