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Seed Dormancy and Adaptive Seedling Emergence Timing in GiantRagweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brian J. Schutte ,
Emilie E. Regnier  and
S. Kent Harrison
Brian J. Schutte*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210
Emilie E. Regnier
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210
S. Kent Harrison
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: bschutte@nmsu.edu
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Abstract

Giant ragweed germination is delayed by both a physiological dormancy of theembryo (embryo dormancy) and an inhibitory influence of embryo-coveringstructures (covering structure-enforced [CSE] dormancy). To clarify theroles of embryo and CSE dormancy in giant ragweed seedling emergence timing,we conducted two experiments to address the following objectives: (1)determine changes in germinability for giant ragweed dispersal units(hereafter “involucres”) and their components under natural burialconditions, and (2) compare embryo and CSE dormancy alleviation andemergence periodicity between successional and agricultural populations. InExperiment 1, involucres were buried in crop fields at Columbus, OH,periodically excavated, and brought to the laboratory for dissection.Involucres, achenes, and embryos were then subjected to germination assaysat 20 C. In Experiment 2, temporal patterns of seedling emergence weredetermined at a common burial site. Reductions in embryo and CSE dormancywere compared with controlled-environment stratification followed bygermination assays at 12 and 20 C, temperatures representative of soilconditions in spring and summer. Results indicated that overwinter dormancyloss involved sequential reductions in embryo and CSE dormancy. CSEdormancy, which may limit potential for fatal germination during fall, wascaused by the pericarp and/or embryo-covering structures within thepericarp. In Experiment 2, successional populations emerged synchronously inearly spring, whereas agricultural populations emerged throughout thegrowing season. Levels of embryo dormancy were greater in the agriculturalpopulations than the successional populations, but CSE dormancy levels weresimilar among populations. In 12 C germination assays, embryo dormancylevels were positively correlated with time required to reach 95% cumulativeemergence (run 1: r = 0.81, P = 0.03; run 2: r = 0.76, P = 0.05). These results suggest thatlate-season emergence in giant ragweed involves high levels of embryodormancy that prevent germination at low temperatures in spring.

Keywords

Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTRCoat-imposed dormancycontinuous emergencegermination timinglate-season seedling emergencephysiological seed dormancyweed adaptation

Information

Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 19 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology & Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003.

References

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