Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-gs9qr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T00:33:07.426Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A qualitative comparison of cognitive-behavioural and evidence-based clinical supervision

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2012

Derek L. Milne ,
Robert P. Reiser ,
Tom Cliffe ,
Lauren Breese ,
Annabel Boon ,
Rosamund Raine  and
Phillippa Scarratt
Derek L. Milne*
Affiliation:
Newcastle University, UK
Robert P. Reiser
Affiliation:
Palo Alto University, CA, USA
Tom Cliffe
Affiliation:
Newcastle University, UK
Lauren Breese
Affiliation:
Newcastle University, UK
Annabel Boon
Affiliation:
Newcastle University, UK
Rosamund Raine
Affiliation:
Newcastle University, UK
Phillippa Scarratt
Affiliation:
Newcastle University, UK
*
*Author for correspondence: D. L. Milne, Ph.D., 4th Floor, Ridley Building 1, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. (email: d.l.milne@ncl.ac.uk).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Despite the acknowledged importance of clinical supervision, controlled research is minimal and has rarely addressed the measurement or manipulation of clinical supervision, hampering our understanding and application of the different supervision methods. We therefore compared two related approaches to supervision, cognitive-behavioural (CBT) and evidence-based clinical supervision (EBCS), evaluating their relative effectiveness in facilitating the experiential learning of one supervisee. Drawing on a multiple-baseline N = 1 design, we gathered mostly qualitative data by means of an episode analysis, a content analysis, a satisfaction questionnaire, and interviews with the supervisor and supervisee. We found that the EBCS approach was associated with higher supervision fidelity and increased engagement in experiential learning by the supervisee. This case study in the evaluation of supervision illustrates the successful application of some rarely applied qualitative methods and some potential supervision enhancements, which could contribute to the development of CBT supervision.

Keywords

CBT supervisionevidence-based clinical supervisionqualitative evaluation

Information

Type
Education and supervision
Information
the Cognitive Behaviour Therapist , Volume 4 , Issue 4 , December 2011 , pp. 152 - 166
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Recommended follow-up reading

Miller, WR, Rollnick, S (2009). Ten things that motivational interviewing is not. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37, 129–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Bambling, M, King, R, Raue, P, Schweitzer, R, Lambert, W (2006). Clinical supervision: its influence on client-rated working alliance and client symptom reduction in the brief treatment of major depression. Psychotherapy Research 16, 317–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkham, M, Stiles, WB, Lambert, MJ, Mellor-Clark, J (2010). Building a rigorous and relevant knowledge-base for the psychological therapies. In: Developing and Delivering Practice-Based Evidence (ed. Barkham, M., Hardy, G. E. and Mellor-Clark, J.), pp. 21–61. Chichester: Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beidas, RS, Kendall, PC (2010). Training therapists in evidence-based practice: a critical review of studies from a systems-contextual perspective. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 17, 1–30.Google ScholarPubMed
Bellg, AJ, Borrelli, B, Resnick, B, Hecht, J, Minicucci, DS, Ory, M, Ogedegbe, G, Orwig, D, Ernst, D, Czajkowski, S (2004). Enhancing treatment fidelity in health behavior change studies: Best practices and recommendations from the NIH behavior change consortium. Health Psychology 23, 443–451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernard, JM, Goodyear, RK (2004). Fundamentals of Clinical Supervision, 3rd edn. London: Pearson.Google Scholar
Borckardt, JJ, Nash, MR, Murphy, MD, Moore, M, Shaw, D, O'Neil, P (2008). Clinical practice as natural laboratory for psychotherapy research. American Psychologist 63, 77–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bricker, J, Tollison, S (2011). Comparison of motivational interviewing with acceptance and commitment therapy: a conceptual and clinical review. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 39, 541–559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryman, A (2004). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, J (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
DoH (1993). A Vision for the Future. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
DoH (2004). Organising and Delivering Psychological Therapies. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Ellis, MV, D'Iuso, N, Ladany, N (2008). State of the art in the assessment, measurement, and evaluation of clinical supervision. In: Psychotherapy Supervision: Theory, Research and Practice (ed. Hess, A. K., Hess, K. D. and Hess, T. H.), pp. 473–499. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Ellis, MV, Ladany, N (1997). Inferences concerning supervisees and clients in clinical supervision: an integrative review. In: Handbook of Psychotherapy Supervision (ed. Watkins, C. E.), pp. 447–507. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Ellis, MV, Ladany, N, Krengel, M, Schult, D (1996). Clinical supervision research from 1981 – 1993: a methodological critic. Journal of Counselling Psychology 43, 35–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falender, C, Cornish JAE, Goodyear, R, Hatcher, R, Kaslow, NJ, Leventhal, G, Shafranske, E, Sigmon, ST, Stoltenberg, C, Grus, C (2004). Defining competencies in psychology supervision: a consensus statement. Journal of Clinical Psychology 60, 771–785.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falender, CA, Shafranske, EP (2004). Clinical Supervision: A Competency-Based Approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, P, Shohet, R (2000). Supervision in the Helping Professions: An Individual, Group and Organizational Approach. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Holloway, EL (1995). Clinical Supervision: A Systems Approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kazdin, AE (1998). Research Design in Clinical Psychology. Boston: Allyn Bacon.Google Scholar
Kolb, DA (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Ladany, N, Friedlander, ML, Nelson, ML (2005). Critical Events in Psychotherapy Supervision: An Interpersonal Approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latham, M (2006). Supervisor and training accreditation (Training Newsletter, February, p. 3). Accrington: British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies (BABCP).Google Scholar
Llewellyn, SP (1988). Psychological therapy as viewed by clients and therapists. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 27, 105–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liese, BS, Beck, JS (1997). Cognitive therapy supervision. In: Handbook of Psychotherapy Supervision (ed. Watkins, C. E.), pp. 114–133. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Lipsey, MW (1990). Design Sensitivity. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Lister, PG, Crisp, BR (2005). Clinical supervision in child protection for community nurses. Child Abuse Review 14, 57–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahrer, AR, Nadler, WP (1986). Good moments in psychotherapy: a preliminary review, a list, and some promising research avenues. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 54, 10–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milne, DL (2007). An empirical definition of clinical supervision. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 46, 437–447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milne, DL (2008). CBT supervision: from reflexivity to specialization. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36, 779–786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, DL (2009). Evidence-Based Clinical Supervision: Principles and Practice. Chichester: BPS/Blackwell.Google Scholar
Milne, DL (2010). Can we enhance the training of clinical supervisors? A national pilot study of an evidence-based approach. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 17, 321–328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milne, DL, James, IA (2000). A systematic review of effective cognitive-behavioural supervision. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 39, 111–127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milne, DL, Lombardo, C, Kennedy, E, Freeston, M, Day, A (2008). Zooming in on clinical supervision. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36, 619–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, DL, Reiser, R, Aylott, H, Dunkerley, C, Fitzpatrick, H, Wharton, S (2010). The systematic review as an empirical approach to improving CBT supervision. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 3, 278–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, DL, Reiser, R, Cliffe, T, Raine, R (2011). SAGE: preliminary evaluation of an instrument for observing competence in CBT supervision. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist. Published online: 24 November 2011. doi:10.1017/S1754470X11000079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, JR, Fleming, RK (1997). Applying within-subject methodology to the transfer of training research. International Journal of Training and Development 1, 173–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padesky, CA (1996). Developing cognitive therapist competency: teaching and supervision models. In: Frontiers of Cognitive Therapy (ed. Salkovskis, P. M.), pp. 266–292. London: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Papworth, MA, Milne, DL, Boak, G (2009). An exploratory content analysis of situational leadership. Journal of Management Development 28, 593–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pistrang, N, Barker, C (2010) Scientific, practical and personal decisions in selecting qualitative methods. In: Developing and Delivering Practice-Based Evidence (ed. Barkham, M., Hardy, G. E. and Mellor-Clark, J.), pp. 65–90. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Proctor, B (1986). Supervision: a co-operative exercise in accountability. In: Enabling and Ensuring (ed. Marken, M. and Payne, M), pp. 21–34. Leicester: Leicester National Youth Bureau and Council for Education and Training in Youth and Community Work.Google Scholar
Roth, AD, Pilling, S, Turner, J (2010). Therapist training and supervision in clinical trials: Implications for clinical practice. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 38, 291–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoenwald, SK, Sheidow, AJ, Chapman, JE (2009). Clinical supervision in treatment transport: effects on adherence and outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 77, 410–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiffman, S, Scharf, DM, Shadel, WG, Gwaltney, CJ, Dang, Q, Paton, Clark (2006). Analyzing milestones in smoking cessation: Illustration in a nicotine patch trial in adult smokers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74, 276–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, T, DeRubeis, RJ (1999). Sudden gains and critical sessions in cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 67, 894–904.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Townend, M, Iannetta, L, Freeston, MH (2002). Clinical supervision in practice: a survey of UK cognitive-behavioural psychotherapists accredited by the BABCP. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 30, 485–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uys, LR, Minnaar, A, Simpson, B, Reid, S (2005). The effect of two models of supervision on selected outcomes. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 37, 282–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watkins, CE (1997). Handbook of Psychotherapy Supervision. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Watkins, CE (1998). Psychotherapy supervision in the 21st century. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research 7, 93–101.Google Scholar
Wheeler, S, Richards, K (2007). The impact of clinical supervision on counsellors and therapists, their practice and their clients: a systematic review of the literature. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research 7, 54–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, M (2007). Can experiences of supervision be quantified? REACTS: a new tool for measuring supervisee's perceived satisfaction with clinical supervision [unpublished thesis] (available from the Psychology Department, Newcastle University).Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.