Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-bt4hw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T21:41:47.289Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evolution and Multidisciplinary Frontiers of 14C Aerosol Science1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

L A Currie
L A Currie*
Affiliation:
Fellow, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8370, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8370 USA. Email: lloyd.currie@nist.gov.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A review is given of some critical events in the development of radiocarbon aerosol science, and the profound influence of radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on its current applications and future prospects. The birth of this discipline occurred shortly after the initial development of 14C dating. Unlike dating, which is founded on the continual decay of 14C and the resulting full range of 14C/12C ratios in once-living matter, 14C applications to atmospheric aerosol research relate primarily to the determination of mixing ratios of fossil and biomass components. Such determinations have come to have major importance in work ranging from the resolution of woodburning and motor vehicle components of urban particulate pollution, to the apportionment of radiation-forcing (black) particulate carbon from natural wildfires and anthropogenic regional plumes. The development of this area has paralleled that of AMS itself, with the one or the other alternately serving as the driving force, in a sort of counterpoint. The remarkable million-fold improvement in sensitivity made possible by AMS has become critical in meeting rapidly emerging societal concerns with the origins and effects of individual carbonaceous species on health and climate.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 42 , Issue 1 , 2000 , pp. 115 - 126
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

References

Benner, BA Jr, Wise, SA, Currie, LA, Klouda, GA, Klinedinst, DB, Zweidinger, RB, Stevens, RK, Lewis, CW. 1995. Distinguishing the contributions of residential wood combustion and mobile source emissions using relative concentrations of dimethylphenanthrene isomers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29:2382–9.Google Scholar
[BCRMSC] Black Carbon Reference Material Steering Committee. 1999. Draft statement, following the 9th Annual Goldschmidt Conference (August 1999). The International Steering Committee consists of 6 members; Chairs: Masiello CA (USA), Schmidt MWI (Germany).Google Scholar
Cachier, H. 1989. Isotopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosols Aerosol Science Technology 10:379–85.Google Scholar
Clayton, G, Arnold, J, Patty, F. 1955. Determination of sources of particulate atmospheric carbon. Science 122:751–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, JA, Currie, LA, Klouda, GA. 1981. Assessment of Contemporary Carbon Combustion Source Contributions to Urban Air Particulate Levels Using C-l4 Measurement. Environmental Science and Technology 15:1405.Google Scholar
Currie, L. 1978. Environmental radiocarbon measurements. In: Gove, HE, editor. Proceedings of the Conferenece on Radiocarbon Dating with Accelerators. Rochester: University of Rochester. 327 p. (See also: Currie, LA, Kunen, SM, Voorhees, KJ, Murphy, RB, Koch, WF. 1979. Analysis of carbonaceous particulates and characterization of their sources by low-level radiocarbon counting and pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In. Novakov, T, editor. Proceedings of the Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the Atmosphere. US Department of Energy Conf-7803101. p 36–48.)Google Scholar
Currie, LA. 1992. Source apportionment of atmospheric particles. In: Buffle, J, Van Leeuwen, HP, editors. Characterization of environmental particles. Chapter 1, Volume 1. IUPAC Environmental Analytical Chemistry Series (Lewis Publishers, Inc.). p 3–74.Google Scholar
Currie, LA, Benner, BA Jr, Cary, R, Druffel, ERM, Eglinton, TI, Hartmann, PC, Kessler, JD, Klinedinst, DB, Klouda, GA, Marolf, J V, Masiello, CA, Pearson, A, Quinn, JG, Reddy, CM, Slater, JF, Wise, SA. 1999b. Interlaboratory data on elemental and isotopic carbon in the carbonaceous particle reference material, NIST SRM 1649a. Symposium on Black Carbon in the Environment, 9th Annual Goldschmidt Conference, Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 1999.Google Scholar
Currie, L, Dibb, J, Klouda, G, Benner, B Jr, Conny, J, Biegalski, S, Klinedinst, D, Cahoon, D, Hsu, N. 1998b. The pursuit of isotopic and molecular fire tracers in the polar atmosphere and cryosphere. Radiocarbon 40(1):381–90, 416f.Google Scholar
Currie, LA, Eijgenhuijsen, EM, Klouda, GA. 1998a On the validity of the Poisson Hypothesis for low-level counting; investigation of the distributional characteristics of background radiation with the NIST Individual Pulse Counting System. Radiocarbon 40(1):113–127.Google Scholar
Currie, LA, Eglinton, TI, Benner, BA Jr, Pearson, A. 1997. Radiocarbon ‘dating’ of individual chemical compounds in atmospheric aerosol: first results comparing direct isotopic and multivariate statistical apportionment of specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research 123:475–86.Google Scholar
Currie, LA, Gerlach, RW, Klouda, GA, Ruegg, FC, Tompkins, GB. 1983. Miniature signals and miniature counters: accuracy assurance via microprocessors and multiparameter control techniques. Radiocarbon 25(3):553–64.Google Scholar
Currie, LA, Kessler, JD, Marolf, JV, McNichol, AP, Stuart, DR, Donoghue, JC, Donahue, DJ, Burr, GS, Biddulph, D. 2000a. Low-level (submicromole) environmental 14C metrology. Proceedings of the 8th International AMS Conference. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Currie, LA, Kessler, JD, Slater, JF, Dibb, JE. 1998 The measurement of aerosol carbon species in Greenland snow samples. EOS, Trans. (American Geophysical Union) 79[45]:F298.Google Scholar
Currie, LA, Klinedinst, DB, Burch, R, Feltham, N, Dorsch, R. 2000a Authentication and dating of biomass components of industrial materials: links to sustainable technology. Proceedings of the 8th International AMS Conference. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Forthcoming.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Currie, LA, Klouda, GA, Benner, BA Jr, Garrity, K, Eglinton, T. 1999a. Isotopic and molecular fractionation in combustion; three routes to molecular marker validation, including direct molecular ‘dating’ (GC/AMS). Atm. Environ. 33:2789–2806.Google Scholar
Currie, LA, Klouda, GA, Klinedinst, DB, Sheffield, AEAJT, Donahue, DJ, Connolly, MV. 1994. Fossil- and Bio-mass Combustion: C-14 for source identification, chemical tracer development, and model validation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B92:404–9.Google Scholar
Currie, LA, Stafford, TW, Sheffield, AE, Klouda, GA, Wise, SA, Fletcher, RA, Donahue, DJ, Jull, AJT, Linick, TW. 1989. Microchemical and molecular dating. Radiocarbon 31(3):448–63.Google Scholar
Deines, P. 1980. The isotopic composition of reduced organic carbon. In: Fritz, P, Fontes, J-Ch, editors. Handbook of environmental isotopic geochemistry. Chapter 9, Volume 1. New York: Elsevier. p 329–406.Google Scholar
Eglinton, TI, Aluwihare, LI, Bauer, JE, Druffel, ERM, McNichol, AP. 1996. Gas chromatographic isolation of individual compounds from complex matrices for radiocarbon dating. Analyt. Chem. 68:904–12.Google Scholar
Hildemann, LM, Klinedinst, DB, Klouda, GA, Currie, LA, Cass, GR. 1994. Sources of contemporary carbon aerosol. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28:1565–76.Google Scholar
Huntzicker, JJ, Johnson, RL, Shah, JJ, Cary, RA. 1982. Analysis of organic and elemental carbon in ambient aerosol by a thermal-optical method. In: Wolff, GT, Klimisch, RL, editors. Particulate carbon: atmospheric life cycle. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Klinedinst, DB, McNichol, AP, Currie, LA, Jones, GA, Klouda, GA, Von Reden, KF, Verkouteren, RM, Schneider, RJ. 1994. Comparative study of Fe-C bead vs. graphite target performance with the NOSAMS facility recombinator ion source. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B92:166–71.Google Scholar
Klouda, GA, Currie, LA, Verkouteren, RM, Einfield, W, Zak, BD. 1988. Advances in microradiocarbon dating and the direct tracing of environmental carbon. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 123:191–7.Google Scholar
Klouda, GA, Klinedinst, DB, Steel, EB, Benner, BA Jr, Parish, HJ. 1996. Exploring a method to produce an urban dust particle filter standard. Journal of Aerosol Science 27:(Suppl. 1) S351–S352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewtas, J, Cupitt, L, Highsmith, V, Zweidinger, R, Merrill, R, Steiber, R, McCrillis, R, Currie, L, Lewis, C, Stevens, R, Watts, R, Burton, R. 1988. Integrated air cancer project. International Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Air Pollution Control Association. p 799–895.Google Scholar
Lodge, JP, Bien, GS, Suess, HE. 1960. The carbon-14 content of urban airborne particulate matter. Int. Journal of Air Pollution 2:309.Google ScholarPubMed
Masiello, CA, Druffel, ERM, Currie, LA. 1999 Radiocarbon measurements of black carbon in aerosols and ocean sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Submitted.Google Scholar
NIST. 2000. Certificate of analysis for standard reference material 1649a, urban dust/organics. March 2000.Google Scholar
Pearson, A, Eglinton, TI, McNichol, AP, Currie, LA, Schneider, RJ, Von Reden, KF, Benner, BA, Wise, SA. 1997. Determination of the radiocarbon ages of individual PAH extracted from urban aerosol and marine sediment. Paper 148, presented at the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference, Groningen, the Netherlands, June 1997.Google Scholar
Pearson, A, McNichol, AP, Schneider, RJ, Von Reden, KF, Zheng, Y. 1998. Microscale AMS 14C at NOSAMS. Radiocarbon 40(1):61–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rahn, KA, McCaffrey, RJ. 1980. On the origin and transport of the winter Arctic aerosol. In: Kneip, TJ, Lioy, PJ, editors. Aerosols - anthropogenic and natural, sources and transport. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 338:486–503.Google Scholar
Ramdahl, T, Schjoldager, J, Currie, L, Hansen, J, Moller, M, Klouda, G, Alfheim, I. 1984. Ambient impact of residential wood combustion in Elverum, Norway. Sci Total Environ 36:81–90.Google Scholar
Scott, EM, Harkness, DD, Cook, GT. 1998. Interlaboratory comparisons: lessons learned. Radiocarbon 40(1):331–40.Google Scholar
Shibata, Y, editor. 1999. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Frontiers in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (selected papers).Google Scholar
Verkouteren, RM, Currie, LA, Klouda, GA, Donahue, DJ, Jull, AJT, Linick, TW. 1987. Preparation of microgram samples on iron wool for radiocarbon analysis via accelerator mass spectrometry: a closed-system approach. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B29:41–4.Google Scholar
Vogel, JS, Nelson, DE, Southon, JR. 1987. 14C background levels in an accelerator mass spectrometry system. Radiocarbon 29(3):323–33.Google Scholar
Vogel, JS, Briskin, M, Nelson, DE. 1989. Ultra-small carbon samples and the dating of sediments. Radiocarbon 31(3):601–9.Google Scholar
Weissenbök, R, Biegalski, SR, Currie, LA, Klinedinst, DB, Golser, R, Klouda, GA, Kutschera, W, Priller, A, Rom, W, Steier, P, Wild, E. 1998. 14C measurements of sub-milligram carbon samples from aerosols. Radiocarbon 40(1):265–72.Google Scholar
Wise, SA, Chesler, SN, Hertz, HS, Hilpert, LR, May, WE. 1977. Chemically-bonded aminosilane stationary phase for the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Analytical Chemistry 49:2306–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar