This paper studies ‘pro-excision’ for the $K$ -theory of one-dimensional, usually semi-local, rings and its various applications. In particular, we prove Geller’s conjecture for equal characteristic rings over a perfect field of finite characteristic, give results towards Geller’s conjecture in mixed characteristic, and we establish various finiteness results for the $K$ -groups of singularities, covering both orders in number fields and singular curves over finite fields.

Given two arbitrary sequences $({\lambda }_{j} )_{j\geq 1} $ and $({\mu }_{j} )_{j\geq 1} $ of real numbers satisfying

we prove that there exists a unique sequence $c= ({c}_{n} )_{n\in { \mathbb{Z} }_{+ } } $ , real valued, such that the Hankel operators ${\Gamma }_{c} $ and ${\Gamma }_{\tilde {c} } $ of symbols $c= ({c}_{n} )_{n\geq 0} $ and $\tilde {c} = ({c}_{n+ 1} )_{n\geq 0} $ , respectively, are selfadjoint compact operators on ${\ell }^{2} ({ \mathbb{Z} }_{+ } )$ and have the sequences $({\lambda }_{j} )_{j\geq 1} $ and $({\mu }_{j} )_{j\geq 1} $ , respectively, as non-zero eigenvalues. Moreover, we give an explicit formula for $c$ and we describe the kernel of ${\Gamma }_{c} $ and of ${\Gamma }_{\tilde {c} } $ in terms of the sequences $({\lambda }_{j} )_{j\geq 1} $ and $({\mu }_{j} )_{j\geq 1} $ . More generally, given two arbitrary sequences $({\rho }_{j} )_{j\geq 1} $ and $({\sigma }_{j} )_{j\geq 1} $ of positive numbers satisfying

$$\begin{eqnarray*}\displaystyle {\rho }_{1} \gt {\sigma }_{1} \gt {\rho }_{2} \gt {\sigma }_{2} \gt \cdots \gt {\rho }_{j} \gt {\sigma }_{j} \rightarrow 0, &&\displaystyle\end{eqnarray*}$$

we describe the set of sequences $c= ({c}_{n} )_{n\in { \mathbb{Z} }_{+ } } $ of complex numbers such that the Hankel operators ${\Gamma }_{c} $ and ${\Gamma }_{\tilde {c} } $ are compact on ${\ell }^{2} ({ \mathbb{Z} }_{+ } )$ and have sequences $({\rho }_{j} )_{j\geq 1} $ and $({\sigma }_{j} )_{j\geq 1} $ , respectively, as non-zero singular values.

Local models are schemes, defined in terms of linear-algebraic moduli problems, which are used to model the étale-local structure of integral models of certain $p$ -adic PEL Shimura varieties defined by Rapoport and Zink. In the case of a unitary similitude group whose localization at ${ \mathbb{Q} }_{p} $ is ramified, quasi-split $G{U}_{n} $ , Pappas has observed that the original local models are typically not flat, and he and Rapoport have introduced new conditions to the original moduli problem which they conjecture to yield a flat scheme. In a previous paper, we proved that their new local models are topologically flat when $n$ is odd. In the present paper, we prove topological flatness when $n$ is even. Along the way, we characterize the $\mu $ -admissible set for certain cocharacters $\mu $ in types $B$ and $D$ , and we show that for these cocharacters admissibility can be characterized in a vertexwise way, confirming a conjecture of Pappas and Rapoport.

We study the global well-posedness of 3D Navier–Stokes equations for a class of large initial data. This type of data slowly varies in the vertical direction (expressed as a function of $\varepsilon {x}_{3} $ ), and it is ill-prepared in the sense that its norm in ${C}^{- 1} $ will blow up at the rate ${\varepsilon }^{- \alpha } $ for $\frac{1}{2} \lt \alpha \lt 1$ as $\varepsilon $ tends to zero.

Consider a pseudogroup on $( \mathbb{C} , 0)$ generated by two local diffeomorphisms having analytic conjugacy classes a priori fixed in $\mathrm{Diff} \hspace{0.167em} ( \mathbb{C} , 0)$ . We show that a generic pseudogroup as above is such that every point has a (possibly trivial) cyclic stabilizer. It also follows that these generic groups possess infinitely many hyperbolic orbits. This result possesses several applications to the topology of leaves of foliations, and we shall explicitly describe the case of nilpotent foliations associated to Arnold’s singularities of type ${A}^{2n+ 1} $ .