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Gyrotactic trapping of micro-swimmers in simple shear flows: a study directly from the fundamental Smoluchowski equation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2022

Bohan Wang Open the ORCID record for Bohan Wang [Opens in a new window] ,
Weiquan Jiang Open the ORCID record for Weiquan Jiang [Opens in a new window]  and
Guoqian Chen Open the ORCID record for Guoqian Chen [Opens in a new window]
Bohan Wang
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Sustainability Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
Weiquan Jiang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, PR China
Guoqian Chen*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Sustainability Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: gqchen@pku.edu.cn
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Abstract

Thin phytoplankton layers with vertically compressed structures found in stratified lakes and coastal water bodies have been a hot-spot in marine science and fluid mechanics. Although extensive efforts have been made to explore gyrotactic trapping as a possible mechanism, obvious inconsistencies remain there between the generalised Taylor dispersion method and individual-based model. In this work, a study directly from the fundamental Smoluchowski equation is carried out on the gyrotactic trapping mechanism in representative simple shear flows. With no approximation made to the fundamental equation and applying a biorthogonal expansion to the local moments of the probability density function, the evolution and steady state of the transport process are in good agreement with results of individual-based model, thus removing the gap between the continuum approach and individual-based model. The influences of strongly varying shear rate and boundary effect are reasonably scrutinised. The average swimming orientation with fixed local shear is highlighted as time-dependent rather than steady as previously assumed. The variations of characteristic time of the transient thin layer as functions of the flow intensity, gyrotaxis intensity and swimming ability are characterised. Sedimentation of the micro-swimmers is considered in some cases to reflect that micro-organisms are possibly negatively buoyant, with corresponding boundary conditions devised. A steady thin layer can be realised in the solution by adding a small settling speed to counteract the gravitactic focusing at the upper surface.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Swimming/flying Complex Fluids: Suspensions

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JFM Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 939 , 25 May 2022 , A37
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© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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