Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-7jgsp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T06:39:06.921Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Optimum design of linear and circular antenna arrays using equilibrium optimization algorithm

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 January 2021

Ali Durmus Open the ORCID record for Ali Durmus [Opens in a new window]  and
Rifat Kurban
Ali Durmus*
Affiliation:
Department of Electricity and Energy, Vocational College, Kayseri University, Kayseri, Turkey
Rifat Kurban
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Technologies, Vocational College, Kayseri University, Kayseri, Turkey
*
Author for correspondence: Ali Durmus, E-mail: alidurmus@kayseri.edu.tr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this paper, equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA), which is a novel optimization algorithm, is applied to synthesize symmetrical linear antenna array and non-uniform circular antenna array (CAA). The main purpose of antenna array synthesis is to achieve a radiation pattern with low maximum side lobe level (MSL) and narrow half-power beam width (HPBW) in far-field. The low MSL here is an important parameter to reduce interference from other communication systems operating in the same frequency band. A narrow HPBW is needed to achieve high directionality in antenna radiation patterns. Entering the literature as a novel optimization technique, EOA optimally determined the amplitude and position values of the array elements to obtain a radiation pattern with a low MSL and narrow HPBW. The EOA is inspired by models of the control volume mass balance used to predict equilibrium as well as dynamic states. To demonstrate the flexibility and performance of the proposed algorithm, 10-element, 16-element and 24-element linear arrays and eight-element, 10-element and 12-element CAAs are synthesized. The MSL and HPBW values of radiation pattern obtained with the EOA are very successful compared to the results of other optimization methods in the literature.

Keywords

Antenna array synthesiscircular antenna arrayequilibrium optimization algorithmlinear antenna arraymaximum side lobe level

Information

Type
Antenna Design, Modelling and Measurements
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 13 , Issue 9 , November 2021 , pp. 986 - 997
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Microwave Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Balanis, CA (1997) Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 2nd Edn. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Mailloux, JR (2005) Phased Array Antenna Handbook. Boston: Artech House.Google Scholar
Guney, K, Durmus, A and Basbug, S (2009) A plant growth simulation algorithm for pattern nulling of linear antenna arrays by amplitude control. Progress in Electromagnetics Research 17, 69–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dib, N (2016) Design of linear antenna arrays with low side lobes level using symbiotic organisms search. Progress in Electromagnetics Research (PIER) B 68, 55–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharaqa, A and Dib, N (2014) Design of linear and elliptical antenna arrays using biogeography-based optimization. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 39, 2929–2939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khodier, M and Al-Aqeel, M (2009) Linear and circular array optimization: a study using particle swarm intelligence. Progress in Electromagnetics Research (PIER) B 15, 347–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dib, N, Goudos, S and Muhsen, H (2010) Application of Taguchi's optimization method and self-adaptive differential evolution to the synthesis of linear antenna arrays. Progress in Electromagnetics Research 102, 159–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, A, Mandal, D, Ghoshal, SP and Kar, R (2019) Moth flame optimization based design of linear and circular antenna array for side lobe reduction. International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 32, e2486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Subhashini, KR (2020) Runner-root algorithm to control sidelobe level and null depths in linear antenna arrays. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 45, 1513–1529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prabhakar, D and Satyanarayana, M (2019) Side lobe pattern synthesis using hybrid SSWOA algorithm for conformal antenna array. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 22, 1169–1174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salgotra, R, Singh, U, Saha, S and Nagar, AK (2020) Improved flower pollination algorithm for linear antenna design problems. In Soft Computing for Problem Solving, 79–89, Springer, Singapore.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Almagboul, MA, Shu, F, Qian, Y, Zhou, X, Wang, J and Hu, J (2019) Atom search optimization algorithm based hybrid antenna array receive beamforming to control sidelobe level and steering the null. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications 111, 152854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panduro, M, Mendez, A, Dominguez, R and Romero, G (2006) Design of non-uniform antenna arrays for side lobe reduction using the method of genetic algorithm. AEU International Journal of Electronics and Communications 60, 713–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shihab, M, Najjar, Y and Khodier, NDM (2008) Design of non-uniform circular antenna arrays using particle swarm optimization. Journal of Electrical Engineering 59, 216–220.Google Scholar
Rattan, M, Patterh, MS and Sohi, BS (2009) Optimization of circular antenna arrays of isotropic radiators using simulated annealing. International Journal of Microwave Wireless Technology 1, 441–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khodier, M (2020) Optimization of circular antenna arrays using the cuckoo search algorithm. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 30, e22247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, U and Kamal, TS (2011) Design of non-uniform circular antenna arrays using biogeography-based optimization. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 5, 1365–1370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharaqa, A and Dib, N (2014) Circular antenna array synthesis using firefly algorithm. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 24, 139–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guney, K and Basbug, S (2014) A parallel implementation of seeker optimization algorithm for designing circular and concentric circular antenna arrays. Applied Soft Computing 22, 287–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ram, G, Mandal, D, Kar, R and Ghoshal, SP (2015) Circular and concentric circular antenna array synthesis using cat swarm optimization. IETE Technical Review 32, 204–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babayigit, B and Senyigit, E (2017) Design optimization of circular antenna arrays using Taguchi method. Neural Computing & Applications 28, 1443–1452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, G, Zhao, X, Liang, S, Liu, Y, Zhou, X and Zhang, Y (2019) A modified chicken swarm optimization algorithm for synthesizing linear, circular and random antenna arrays. IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall), Hawaii, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, T, Liu, Y, Sun, G, Zhang, L, Liang, S, Wang, A and Zhou, X (2020) IWORMLF: improved invasive weed optimization with random mutation and Lévy flight for beam pattern optimizations of linear and circular antenna arrays. IEEE Access 8, 19460–19478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faramarzi, A, Heidarinejad, M, Stephens, B and Mirjalili, S (2020) Equilibrium optimizer: a novel optimization algorithm. Knowledge-Based Systems 191, 105190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurban, T, Civicioglu, P, Kurban, R and Besdok, E (2014) Comparison of evolutionary and swarm based computational techniques for multilevel color image thresholding. Applied Soft Computing 23, 128–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar