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The interaction between parenting and children's cortisol reactivity at age 3 predicts increases in children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 6

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2017

Chelsey S. Barrios ,
Sara J. Bufferd ,
Daniel N. Klein  and
Lea R. Dougherty
Chelsey S. Barrios
Affiliation:
University of Maryland College Park
Sara J. Bufferd
Affiliation:
California State University, San Marcos
Daniel N. Klein
Affiliation:
Stony Brook University
Lea R. Dougherty*
Affiliation:
University of Maryland College Park
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Lea R. Dougherty, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; E-mail: ldougher@umd.edu.
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Abstract

Little is known about the role of stress reactivity in the emergence of psychopathology across early childhood. In this longitudinal study, we tested the hypothesis that child cortisol reactivity at age 3 moderates associations between early parenting and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms from age 3 to age 6. One hundred and sixty children were assessed at age 3, and 135 children were reassessed at age 6. At age 3, we exposed children to stress-inducing laboratory tasks, during which we obtained four salivary cortisol samples, and parental hostility was assessed using an observational parent–child interaction task. At ages 3 and 6, child psychiatric symptoms were assessed using a clinical interview with parents. The results indicated that the combination of high child cortisol reactivity and high observed parental hostility at age 3 was associated with greater concurrent externalizing symptoms at age 3 and predicted increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms from age 3 to age 6. Findings highlight that increased stress reactivity, within the context of hostile parenting, plays a role in the emergence of psychopathology from preschool to school entry.

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Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 29 , Issue 4 , October 2017 , pp. 1319 - 1331
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

We are grateful to all of the families who took part in the study and to the Stony Brook Temperament Study research team. This research was supported by R01MH069942 (to D.N.K.), F31MH075484 (to L.R.D.), F31MH084444 (to S.J.B.), and General Clinical Research Center Grant M01RR10710 (Stony Brook University, National Center for Research Resources). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Mental Health or the National Institutes of Health. The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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