Hostname: page-component-857557d7f7-nhjpk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-11-20T19:19:10.771Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evolution of Dioctahedral Vermiculite in Geological Environments—An Experimental Approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Michał Skiba
Michał Skiba*
Affiliation:
Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Oleandry 2a, 30-063, Kraków, Poland
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: michal.skiba@uj.edu.pl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Dioctahedral vermiculite commonly occurs in soils and fresh sediments, but has not been reported in sedimentary rocks. Little is known of the evolution of this mineral during diagenesis. According to the available literature, dioctahedral vermiculite is likely to exhibit strong potential for selective sorption and fixation of K+ involving interlayer dehydration and collapse. he objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of K+ saturation and seawater treatments on the structure o dioctahedral vermiculite. Due to the fact that no dioctahedral vermiculite standard reference material was available, a natural sample of soil clay containing dioctahedral vermiculite was used in the study. The clay was saturated with K+ using different protocols simulating natural processes taking place in soils and marine environments. The solid products of the experiments were analyzed for potassium content using flame photometry. The effect of the treatments used on the structure of dioctahedral vermiculite was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The percentages of the collapsed interlayers were estimated by modeling the XRD patterns based on a whole-pattern multi-specimen modeling technique. All the treatments involving K+ saturation caused K+ fixation and irreversible collapse (i.e. contraction to 10 Å) of at least a portion of the hydrated (vermiculitic) interlayers. Air drying of the K+-saturated samples greatly enhanced the degree of the collapse. The results obtained gave no clear answer as to whether time had had a significant effect on the degree to which irreversible collapse occurred. Selective sorption of K+ from artificial seawater was observed. These results clearly indicate that collapse of dioctahedral vermiculite is likely to occur in soils during weathering and in sediments during early diagenesis. Both processes need to be taken into consideration in sedimentary basin studies.

Keywords

Dioctahedral VermiculiteEarly DiagenesisK+ FixationK+ Selective SorptionSoil Illitization

Information

Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 61 , Issue 4 , August 2013 , pp. 290 - 302
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Bailey, S. W., Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., 1980 Structures of Layer Silicates Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification London Monograph 5, Mineralogical Society 2–124.Google Scholar
Bain, D. C. Mellor, A. and Wilson, M.J., 1990 Nature and origin of an aluminous vermiculitic weathering product in acid soils from upland catchments in Scotland Clay Minerals 25 467–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnishel, R. I. Bertsch, P.M., Dixon, J.B. and Weed, S.B., 1989 Chlorites and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite and smectite Minerals in Soil Environments 2nd Madison, Wisconsin, USA Soil Science Society of America 729–788.Google Scholar
Barshad, I., 1950 The effect of the interlayer cations on the expansion of the mica type of crystal lattice American Mineralogist 35 225–238.Google Scholar
Berkgaut, V. Singer, A. and Stahr, K., 1994 Palagonite reconsidered: Paracrystalline illite-smectites from regoliths on basic pyroclastics Clays and Clay Minerals 42 582–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, W. F. and Weiss, E.J., 1961 A glycol-sodium vermiculite complex Clays and Clay Minerals 10 117–122.Google Scholar
Brown, G. Brindley, G.W., Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., 1980 X-ray diffraction procedures for clay mineral identification Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification London Mineralogical Society 305–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claret, F. Sakharov, B.A. Drits, V.A. Velde, B. Meunier, A. Griffault, L. and Lanson, B., 2004 Clay minerals in the Meuse-Haute Marne underground laboratory (France): possible influence of organic matter on clay mineral evolution Clays and Clay Minerals 52 515–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, L.A., Dixon, J.B. and Weed, S.B., 1989 Vermiculites Minerals in Soil Environments Madison, Wisconsin, USA Soil Science Society of America 635–668.Google Scholar
Drits, V.A. and Sakharov, B.A., 1976.X-ray Analysis of Mixed-layered Clay MineralsGoogle Scholar
Drits, V. A. Weber, F. Salyn, A.L. and Tsipursky, S.L., 1993 X-ray identification of one-layer illite varieties: Application to the study of illites around uranium deposits of Canada Clays and Clay Minerals 41 389–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drits, V. A. Srodon, J. and Eberl, D.D., 1997 XRD measurements of mean crystallite thickness of illite and illite/smectite: reappraisal of the Kubler index and the Scherrer equation Clays and Clay Minerals 45 461–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberl, D. D. Srodon, J. and Northrop, H.R., 1986 Potassium fixation in smectite by wetting and drying Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces 323 296–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrage, E. Lanson, B. Sakharov, B.A. and Drits, V.A., 2005 Investigation of smectite hydration properties by modeling experimental X-ray diffraction patterns: Part I. Montmorillonite hydration properties American Mineralogist 90 1358–1374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrage, E. Lanson, B. Sakharov, B.A. Geoffroy, N. Jacquot, E. and Drits, V.A., 2007 Investigation of dioctahedral smectite hydration properties by modeling of X-ray diffraction profiles: Influence of layer charge and charge location American Mineralogist 92 1731–1743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrage, E. Lanson, B. Michot, L.J. and Robert, J.L., 2010 Hydration properties and interlayer organization of water and ions in synthetic Na-smectite with tetrahedral layer charge. Part 1. Results from X-ray diffraction profile modeling Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114 4515–4526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guggenheim, S. Adams, J.M. Bain, D.C. Bergaya, F. Brigatti, M.F. Drits, V.A. Formoso, M.L.L. Galán, E. Kogure, T. and Stanjek, H., 2006 Summary of recommen- dations of nomenclature committees relevant to clay mineralogy: report of the Association Internationale pour L’Etude des Argiles (AIPEA) Nomenclature committee for 2006 Clays and Clay Minerals 54 761–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, S. A. Preston, K.D., Bish, D.L. and Post, J.E., 1989 Profile fitting of powder diffraction patterns Modern Powder Diffraction Chantilly, Virginia, USA Mineralogical Society of America 217–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubert, F. Caner, L. Meunier, A. and Lanson, B., 2009 Advances in the characterization of soil clay mineralogy using X-ray diffraction: from decomposition to profile fitting European Journal of Soil Science 60 1093–1105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, A., 1984 Thermodynamic study of Na-K-Ca exchange reactions in vermiculite Clays and Clay Minerals 32 311–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M. L., 1969 Soil Chemical Analysis. Advanced Course 2nd Madison, Wisconsin Published by the author.Google Scholar
Jagodzinski, H., 1949 Eindimensionale fehlordnung in kristallen und ihr einfluss auf die Röntgeninterferenzen: I Berechnung des fehlordnungsgrades aus der Röntgenintensitaten Acta Crystallographica 2 201–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanson, B. Sakharov, B.A. Claret, F. and Drits, V.A., 2009 Diagenetic smectite-to-illite transition in clay-rich sediments: a reappraisal of X-ray diffraction results using the multi-specimen method American Journal of Science 309 476–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malla, P. B., and Middleton, G., 2003 Vermiculite Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Germany Springer, Dordrecht 766–769.Google Scholar
Mehra, O. P. and Jackson, M.L., 1958 Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate Clays and Clay Minerals 7 317–327.Google Scholar
Méring, J., 1949 L’Inté reference des rayons X dans les systems a‘stratification dé sordonnée Acta Crystallographica 2 371–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, D. M. and Reynolds, R.C., 1997 X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals Oxford, New York Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nelson, B. W., 1958 Clay Mineralogy of the bottom sediments Rappahannock River, Virginia Clays and Clay Minerals 7 135–147.Google Scholar
Nelson, B. W. (1962) Clay mineral diageneis in the Rappahannock Estuary: an explanation. Clays and Clay Minerals, 11, 210.Google Scholar
Olk, D. C. Cassman, K.G. and Carlson, R.M., 1995 Kinetics of potassium fixation in vermiculitic soils under different moisture regimes Soil Science Society of America Journal 59 423–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, A. L. Bingham, F.T. Ganje, T.J. and Garber, M.J., 1963 Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 27 323–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, A. L. Burge, W.D. Ganje, T.J. and Garber, M.J., 1967 Potassium and ammonium fixation by vermiculitic soils Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 31 337–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powers, M. C., 1953 Clay diagenesis in the Chesapeake Bay area Clays and Clay Minerals 2 68–80.Google Scholar
Price, J. R. Heitmann, N. Hull, J. and Szymanski, D., 2008 Long-term average mineral weathering rates from watershed geochemical mass balance methods: Using mineral modal abundances to solve more equations in more unknowns Chemical Geology 254 36–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, R. C., 1986 The Lorentz-polarization factor and preferred orientation in oriented clay aggregates Clays and 34 359–367.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R. C. and Reynolds, R.C.I., 1996.Newmod for WindowsGoogle Scholar
Rich, C. I. and Black, W.R., 1964 Potassium exchange as affected by cation size, pH, and mineral structure Soil Science 97 384–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Righi, D. Velde, B. and Meunier, A., 1995 Clay stability in clay-dominated soil systems Clay Minerals 30 45–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Righi, D. Räisänen, M.L. and Gillot, F., 1997 Clay mineral transformations in podzolized tills in central Finland Clay Minerals 32 531–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawhney, B. L., 1972 Selective sorption and fixation of cations by clay minerals: a review Clays and Clay Minerals 20 93–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, A. D. and Reed, M.G., 1964 Expansion of potassium-depleted muscovite Clays and Clay Minerals 13 247–261.Google Scholar
Simonsson, M. Hillier, S. and Oborn, I., 2009 Changes in clay minerals and potassium fixation capacity as a result of release and fixation of potassium in long-term field experiments Geoderma 151 109–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skiba, M., 2003 Mineralogiczno-geochemiczne aspekty procesu bielicowania w glebach rozwiniĘtych na skalach krystalicznych w Tatrach Kraków, Poland Jagiellonian University.Google Scholar
Skiba, M., 2007 Clay mineral formation during podzolization in an alpine environment of the Tatra Mountains, Poland Clays and Clay Minerals 55 618–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skiba, M. and Skiba, S., 2005 Chemical and mineralogical index of podzolization of the granite regolith soils Polish Journal of Soil Science 38 153–162.Google Scholar
Skiba, M. Szczerba, M. Skiba, S. Bish, D.L. and Grybos, M., 2011 The nature of interlayering in clays fom a podzol (spodosol) from the Tatra Mountains, Poland Geoderma 160 425–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srodon, J., 1999 Use of clay minerals in reconstructing geological processes: recent advances and some perspective Clay Minerals 34 27–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Środoń, J., and Middleton, G., 2003 Mixed-layer clays Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Dordrecht, Germany Springer 447–450.Google Scholar
Srodon, J. Gaweł, A., Bolewski, A. and Żabiński, W., 1988 Identyfikacja rentgenogra-ficzna mieszanopakietowych krzemianów warstwowych Metody Badan Mineralów i Skał Warsaw Wydawnictwa Geologiczne 290–307.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, U. G. and McCarter, R.S., 1956 Diagenetic modification of clay mineral types in artificial sea water Clays and Clay Minerals 5 81–119.Google Scholar