Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-hw7sx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T15:58:50.974Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cognitive Science and Behavioural Psychotherapy: Where Behaviour was, There Shall Cognition Be?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2009

Mick J. Power
Mick J. Power
Affiliation:
MRC Social and Community Psychiatry Unit and South East Thames RHA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The argument is presented that behavioural psychotherapy has long been infiltrated by cognitive ideas, whether at the level of underlying philosophy, assessment or practice. For example, none of the traditional laws of learning have withstood the test of time, but although modern learning theory has had to become increasingly cognitive, behaviour therapists have yet to integrate these advances into a better understanding of therapeutic techniques and practice. Examples are also presented of a range of cognitive tasks that may provide further insights into the nature of the affective disorders.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , January 1991 , pp. 20 - 41
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Alloy, L. B. and Abramson, L. Y. (1979). Judgement of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: sadder but wiser? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 108, 441–485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allport, D. A. (1980). Attention and performance. In Claxton, G. (Ed). Cognitive Psychology: New Directions. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Andrews, B. (1990). Longitudinal studies of depression. Talk presented at Royal Holloway and Bedford College, 4th June.Google Scholar
Baruch, I., Hemsley, D. R. and Gray, J. A. (1988). Differential performance of acute and chronic schizophrenics in a latent inhibition task. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 176, 598–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York: Meridian.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F. and Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression: A Treatment Manual. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D. and Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 42, 861–865.Google Scholar
Bentall, R. P. and Thompson, M. (1990). Emotional Stroop performance and the manic defence. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 29, 235–237.Google Scholar
Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In Roediger, H. L. and Craik, F. I. M. (Eds). Varieties of Memory and Consciousness: Essays in Honour of Endel Tulving. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist 36, 129–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradley, B. P. and Baddeley, A. D. (1990). Emotional factors in forgetting. Psychological Medicine 20, 351–355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breuer, J. and Freud, S. (1895/1974). Studies on hysteria. In The Pelican Freud Library, Vol. 3. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Brewin, C. R. (1989). Cognitive change processes in psychotherapy. Psychological Review 96, 379–394.Google Scholar
Brewin, C. R., Smith, A. J., Power, M. J. and Furnham, A. (1990). State and trait differences in the depressive self-schema (submitted for publication).Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. F., Fitzgerald, P. and Parkes, K. R. (1982). The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 21, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. (1987). Factor analysis of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale. Unpublished manuscript. University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Center for Cognitive Therapy, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W., Andrews, B., Harris, T. O., Adler, Z. and Bridge, L. (1986). Social support, self-esteem and depression. Psychological Medicine 16, 813–831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Channon, S., Hemsley, D. and De Silva, P. (1988). Selective processing of food words in anorexia nervosa. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 27, 259–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T. and Stewart, B. (1990). Cognitive specificity and positive-negative affectivity: complementary or contradictory views on anxiety and depression? Journal of Abnormal Psychology 99, 148–155.Google Scholar
Clark, D. M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy 24, 461–470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickinson, A. (1980). Contemporary Animal Learning Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dickinson, A. (1987). Animal conditioning and learning theory. In Eysenck, H. J. and Martin, I. (Eds). Theoretical Foundations of Behaviour Therapy, New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Driver, J. and Tipper, S. P. (1989). On the non-selectivity of “selective” seeing: contrasts between interference and priming in selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology (Human Perception and Performance) 15, 304–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elkin, I., Shea, T., Watkins, J. T., Imber, S. D., Sotaky, S. M. and Collins, J. F. et al. (1989). National Institute of Mental Health treatment of depression collaborative research program. Archives of General Psychiatry 46, 971–982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Endicott, J. and Spitzer, R. L. (1978). A diagnostic interview: The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 35, 837–844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fodor, J. A. (1983). The Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Fodor, J. A. and Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1988). Connectionism and cognitive architecture: a critical analysis. Cognition 28, 3–71.Google Scholar
Frijda, N. H. (1986). The Emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Frith, C. D. (1979). Consciousness, information processing and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 134, 225–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gazzaniga, M. S. (1988). Brain modularity: towards a philosophy of conscious experience. In Marcel, A. and Bisiach, E. (Eds). Consciousness in Contemporary Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Geiselman, R. E., Bjork, R. A. and Fishman, D. L. (1983). Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: a link with posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 112, 58–92.Google Scholar
Gordon, P. K. (1985). Allocation of attention in obsessional disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 24, 101–107.Google Scholar
Gotlib, I. H. and Cane, D. B. (1987). Construct accessibility and clinical depression: a longitudinal investigation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 96, 199–204.Google Scholar
Gotlib, I. H. and McCann, C. D. (1984). Construct accessibility and depression: an examination of cognitive and affective factors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47, 427–439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hollon, S. D. and Kendall, P. C. (1980). Cognitive self-statements in depression: development of an Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research 4, 383–395.Google Scholar
Holyoak, K. J., Koh, K. and Nisbett, R. E. (1989). A theory of conditioning: inductive learning within rule-based default hierarchies. Psychological Review 96, 315–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horowitz, M. J. (1983). Image Formation and Psychotherapy. New York: Jason Aronson.Google Scholar
Horowitz, M. J. (1988). Introduction to Psychodynamics: A New Synthesis. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ingram, R. E. (1990). Attentional nonspecificity in depressive and generalized anxious affective states. Cognitive Therapy and Research 14, 25–35.Google Scholar
Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1988). The Computer and the Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Science. London: Fontana Press.Google Scholar
Katschnig, H. (1986). Measuring life stress—a comparison of the checklist and the panel technique. In Katschnig, H. (Ed). Life Events and Psychiatric Disorder: Controversial Issues. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lam, D. H. and Power, M. J. (1990). A questionnaire designed to assess roles and goals: a preliminary study. (submitted for publication).Google Scholar
Lang, P. J. (1979). A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology 16, 495–512.Google Scholar
Mackintosh, N. J. 1983). Conditioning and Associative Learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mandler, G. (1984). Mind and Body: Psychology of Emotion and Stress. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.Google Scholar
Marcel, A. J. (1988). Electrophysiology and meaning in cognitive science and dynamic psychology. In Horowitz, M. J. (Ed). Psychodynamics and Cognition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Marks, I. (1981). Behavioural concepts and treatments of neuroses. Behavioural Psychotherapy 9, 137–154.Google Scholar
Mathews, A. M. and MacLeod, C. (1985). Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states. Behaviour Research and Therapy 23, 563–569.Google Scholar
Newell, A. and Simon, H. A. (1972). Human Problem Solving. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Oatley, K. and Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1987). Towards a cognitive theory of emotions. Cognition and Emotion 1, 29–50.Google Scholar
Ohman, A., Dimberg, U. and Esteves, F. (1989). Preattentive activation of aversive emotions. In Aversion, Avoidance, and Anxiety: Perspectives on Aversively Motivated Behavior. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Perris, C. (1988). Intensive cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy with patients suffering from schizophrenic psychotic or post-psychotic syndromes. In Perris, C., Blackburn, I. M. and Perris, H. (Eds). Cognitive Psychotherapy: Theory and Practice. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popper, K. R. and Eccles, J. C. (1977). The Self and Its Brain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Posner, M. I. and Snyder, C. R. (1975). Attention and cognitive control. In Solso, R. L. (Ed). Information Processing and Cognition: The Loyola Symposium. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Power, M. J. (1987). Cognitive theories of depression. In Eysenck, H. J. and Martin, I. (Eds). Theoretical Foundations of Behaviour Therapy. New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Power, M. J. (1988). Cognitive failures, dysfunctional attitudes, and symptomatology: a longitudinal study. Cognition and Emotion 2, 133–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, M. J. (1989). Cognitive therapy: an outline of theory, practice and problems. British Journal of Psychotherapy 5, 544–556.Google Scholar
Power, M. J. (1990). A prime time for emotion: cognitive vulnerability and the emotional disorders. In Gilhooly, K. J., Keane, M. T. G. and Erdos, G. (Eds). Lines of Thinking, Volume 2. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Power, M. J. and Brewin, C. R. (1990a). From Freud to cognitive science: a contemporary account of the unconscious (submitted for publication).Google Scholar
Power, M. J. and Brewin, C. R. (1990b). Self-esteem regulation in an emotional priming task. Cognition and Emotion 4, 39–51.Google Scholar
Power, M. J. and Champion, L. A. (1986). Cognitive approaches to depression: a theoretical critique. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 25, 201–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Power, M. J., Katz, R. and McGuffin, P. (1990). The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS): are forms A and B equivalent? (submitted for publication).Google Scholar
Power, M. J., Stuessy, A., Mahony, T. and Brewin, C. R. (1990). The Emotional Priming task: results from a student population. Cognitive Therapy and Research (in press).Google Scholar
Rachman, S. (1976). The passing of the two stage theory of fear and avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy 14, 125–131.Google Scholar
Rescorla, R. A. and Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In Black, A. H. and Prokasy, W. F. (Eds). Classical Conditioning II: Current Theory and Research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J. L. and the PDP Research Group (1986). Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, volume 1: Foundations. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Segal, Z. V. and Shaw, B. F. (1988). Cognitive asessment: issues and methods. In Dobson, K. S. (Ed). Handbook of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Segal, Z. V. and Vella, D. D. (1990). Self-schema in major depression: replication and extension of a priming methodology. Cognitive Therapy and Research 14, 161–176.Google Scholar
Shapiro, D. A. (1980). Science and psychotherapy: the state of the art. British Journal of Medical Psychology 53, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sloane, R. B., Staples, F. R., Cristol, A. H., Yorkston, N. J. and Whipple, K. (1975). Psychotherapy Versus Behaviour Therapy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. D. (1983). Negative thinking in depression: cause, effect, or reciprocal relationship? Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy 5, 3–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tipper, S. P. and Driver, J. (1985). Negative priming between pictures and words in a selective attention task: evidence for semantic processing of ignored stimuli. Memory and Cognition 16, 64–70.Google Scholar
Vazquez, C. (1987). Judgement of contingency: cognitive biases in depressed and nondepressed subjects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52, 419–431.Google Scholar
Wachtel, P. L. (1977). Psychoanalysis and Behaviour Therapy: Toward an Integration. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Watts, F. N., McKenna, F. P., Sharrock, R. and Trezise, L. (1986). Colour naming of phobia related words. British Journal of Psychology 77, 97–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weissman, A. W. and Beck, A. T. (1978). Development and validation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale.Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behaviour Therapy,Chicago.Google Scholar
Williams, J. M. G. (1984). The Psychological Treatment of Depression: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Williams, J. M. G. and Broadbent, K. (1986). Autobiographical memory in attempted suicide patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 95, 144–149.Google Scholar
Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C. and Mathews, A. (1988). Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. and Sartorius, N. (1974). Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms: An Instruction Manual for the PSE and CATEGO Program. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.