Hostname: page-component-7f64f4797f-n5rmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-11-08T07:32:08.483Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An investigation of empirical formulation and design optimisation of co-flow fluidic thrust vectoring nozzles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2016

A. Banazadeh  and
F. Saghafi
A. Banazadeh*
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
F. Saghafi
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
*
banazadeh@sharif.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to design and develop an advanced co-flow fluidic nozzle, based on the Coanda effect concept, for multi-directional thrust vectoring of small jet engines. Recent progress on finding an optimal geometry with a fixed momentum ratio to achieve maximum thrust deflection angle is discussed here. The efficiency of the system is found to be a weakly nonlinear function of the secondary to primary flow momentum as well as three geometric parameters. A useful empirical formulation is derived for thrust vectoring angle, based on a series of tests carried out on different nozzles. An accurate computational fluid dynamics model is also developed and evaluated against the experimental data. Moreover, quasi-Newton optimisation algorithm is employed to find an optimal geometry with a constant relative jet momentum and a constant secondary slot size. In this technique, the optimal wall geometric parameters are calculated in the direction of the steepest gradient with the help of the numerical simulation model in every iteration step. Additionally, an optimised fluidic nozzle is constructed to experimentally verify the numerical results and the empirical equation.

Keywords

Thrust vectoringco-flowempirical formulationquasi-newton optimisationCFD simulation

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 121 , Issue 1236 , February 2017 , pp. 213 - 236
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

1. Páscoa, J.C., Dumas, A. et al. A review of thrust-vectoring in support of a V/STOL non-moving mechanical propulsion system, Central European J Engineering, 2013, 3, (3), pp 374–388.Google Scholar
2. Saghafl, F. and Banazadeh, A. Investigation on the flight characteristics of a conceptual fluidic thrust-vectored aerial tail-sitter, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: J Aerospace Engineering, 2007, 221, (5), pp 741–755.Google Scholar
3. Kowal, H.J. Advances in thrust vectoring and the application of flow control technology, Canadian Aero and Space J, 2002, 48, (2), pp 145–151.Google Scholar
4. Flamm, J.D. Experimental study of a nozzle using fluidic counter flow for thrust vectoring, AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 34th Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 1998, Cleveland, Ohio, US, AIAA 98- 3255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Stryowski, P.J., Schmid, G.F. et al. Vectoring thrust using confined counter current shear layers, AIAA 28th Fluid Dynamics Conference, 1997, Snowmass Village, Colorado, US.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Triboix, A. and Marchchal, D. Stability analysis of the mechanism of jet attachment to walls, Int J Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002, 45, pp 2769–2775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Carpenter, P.W. and Green, P.N. The aeroacoustics and aerodynamics of high-speed Coanda devices, part 1: Conventional arrangement of exit nozzle and surface, J Sound and Vibration, 1997, 208, (5), pp 777–801.Google Scholar
8. Schlichting, H. and Gersten, K. Boundary-Layer Theory, Springer, 8th ed, 2000, chps 6 and 11.Google Scholar
9. Wille, R. and Fernholz, H. Report on the first European mechanics colloquium, on the coanda effect, J Fluid Mechanics, 1965, 23, pp 801–819.Google Scholar
10. Banazadeh, A. and Behroo, M. Development, instrumentation, and dynamics identification of a coanda air vehicle, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, October 2015, 30 (10), pp 4–12.Google Scholar
11. Rask, R.B. An Experimental Study of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Curved Wall Jets, PhD Dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, US, 1973.Google Scholar
12. Patankar, U.M. and Sridhar, K. Three-dimensional curved wall jets, J Basic Engineering (changed to the J Engineering Materials and Technology; and the J Fluids Engineering), 1972, 94, (2), pp 339–344.Google Scholar
13. Mason, M.S. and Crowther, W.J. Fluidic thrust vectoring of low observable aircraft, CEAS Aerospace Aerodynamic Research Conference, 2002.Google Scholar
14. Gu, R., Xu, J. and Guo, S. Experimental and numerical investigations of a bypass dual throat nozzle, J Engineering for Gas Turbines Power, February 2014, 136, (8), 084501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Banazadeh, A., Saghafi, F. et al. Experimental and computational investigation into the use of co-flow fluidic thrust vectoring on a small gas turbine, Aeronautical J, 2008, 112, (1127), pp 17–25.Google Scholar
16. Le, H., Moin, P. and Kim, J. Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow over a backward facing step, J Fluid Mechanics, January 1997, 330, pp 349–374.Google Scholar
17. Joslin, R.D. and Jones, G.S. Application of circulation control technology, 2006, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, AIAA, Reston, Virginia, US, pp 23-64.Google Scholar
18. Allen, D.S. Axisymmetric Coanda-Assisted Vectoring, Master of Science Thesis, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, US, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Banazadeh, A., Saghafi, F. et al. Multi-directional co-flow fluidic thrust vectoring intended for a small gas turbine, Infotech@Aerospace Conference and Exhibit, 2007, Rohnert Park, California, AIAA 2007-2940.Google Scholar
20. Pointwise Inc., Gridgen V15, http://www.pointwise.com/glyph/, [cited Julyy 18, 2015].Google Scholar
21. Saghafi, F. and Banazadeh, A. Coanda surface geometry optimization for multi-directional co-flow fluidic thrust vectoring, ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, GT2009-59715, 2009, June 8–12, Orlando, Florida, US, pp 183–189.Google Scholar
22. AMT Netherlands, Olympus Specifications, http://www.amtjets.com/, [cited August 22, 2015].Google Scholar
23. Rao, S.S. Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, 4th ed, 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, US, pp 309–380.Google Scholar
24. Agrawal, S.K. and Fabien, B.C. Optimization of Dynamic Systems, 1996, Kluwer Academic, pp 115–120.Google Scholar
25. Pachidis, V. Gas Turbine Advanced Performance Simulation, PhD Dissertation, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK, 2006.Google Scholar
26. Ghoreyshi, M. Computational and Experimental Performance Analysis of an Integrated UAV Engine with Fluidic Thrust Vectoring, PhD Dissertation, 2005, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK, 2006.Google Scholar