This book describes the development of our understanding of the strong interactions in particle physics, through its competing ideas and personalities, its false starts, blind alleys, and moments of glory – culminating with the author's discovery of quarks, real particles living in a deeper layer of reality. How were quarks discovered, what did physicists think they were, and what did they turn out to be? These questions are answered through a collection of personal remembrances. The focus is on the reality of quarks, and why that reality made them so difficult to accept. How Feynman and Gell-Mann practiced physics, with their contrasting styles and motivations, presented different obstacles to accepting this reality. And how was the author, as a graduate student, able to imagine their existence, and act on it? Science buffs, students, and experts alike will find much here to pique their interest and learn about quarks along the way.

‘George Zweig has been deeply involved with progress made in the science of subatomic particles. He reports on the way this understanding has come about, and the impact made by the most influential characters in the field. The author interlaces his narrative with various wise lessons, which makes the book highly interesting also for young researchers to read. Not all lessons are recounted out loud, some stay between the lines. Find them, and use them, is my advice.’

Gerard 't Hooft - Utrecht University, Netherlands

‘Three priceless portraits of pioneers in particle physics. This is a delight to read, abounding in detail never seen elsewhere, for the expert and the historian alike.’

Jonathan L. Rosner - University of Chicago, USA